docker 容器启动后运行命令

问题描述

我准备了一个 docker-compose 文件来部署带有数据库的容器:

I've prepared a docker-compose file to deploy container with database:

services:
  tmp-db:
    image: microsoft/mssql-server-linux:latest
    environment:
      ACCEPT_EULA: Y
      SA_PASSWORD: yourStrong(!)Password
    ports:
    - 1433:1433

没关系.但是现在我需要创建一个数据库并构建它的结构.我需要执行一些 sql 命令.为了检查我是否能够做到这一点，我在服务中添加了 command:

It is okay. But now I need to create a database and build its structure. I need to execute some sql commands. To check if i am able to do this I added command to the service:

services:
  tmp-db:
    image: microsoft/mssql-server-linux:latest
    environment:
      ACCEPT_EULA: Y
      SA_PASSWORD: yourStrong(!)Password
    command: /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -U sa -P yourStrong(!)Password -Q "SELECT [name] FROM sys.databases"
    ports:
    - 1433:1433

但是我遇到了以下错误:

However I got the following errors:

tmp-db_1  | Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server : Login timeout expired.
tmp-db_1  | Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server : TCP Provider: Error code 0x2749.
tmp-db_1  | Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server : A network-related or instance-specific error has occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. Server is not found or not accessible. Check if instance name is correct and if SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. For more information see SQL Server Books Online..

感觉命令是在Sql Server实例启动之前执行的.我该如何解决?Sql Server 启动后如何执行一些sql?

I feel the command is executed before Sql Server instance is started. How can I fix it? How can I execute some sql after Sql Server is started?

推荐答案

问题是在一个容器中只执行一个命令.当您在 docker-compose.yml 中指定命令时，它会覆盖默认命令，该命令应该启动容器.所以你有两个选择

The issue is that only one command is executed in a container. When you specify the command in docker-compose.yml it overrides the default command, which was supposed to start the container. So you have two options

手动运行命令

services:
  tmp-db:
    image: microsoft/mssql-server-linux:latest
    environment:
      ACCEPT_EULA: Y
      SA_PASSWORD: yourStrong(!)Password
    ports:
    - 1433:1433

然后就可以执行

docker-compose exec tmp-db /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -U sa -P yourStrong(!)Password -Q "SELECT [name] FROM sys.databases"

有两项服务 - 一项用于服务器 &一个用于数据加载

services:
  load-db:
    image: microsoft/mssql-server-linux:latest
    command: sh -c 'sleep 10 && /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -U sa -P yourStrong(!)Password -Q "SELECT [name] FROM sys.databases"'
    network_mode: service:tmp-db
  tmp-db:
    image: microsoft/mssql-server-linux:latest
    environment:
      ACCEPT_EULA: Y
      SA_PASSWORD: yourStrong(!)Password
    ports:
    - 1433:1433

在这种方法中，我们使用加载数据的命令启动另一个容器，我们在数据库服务器容器的网络上运行它.这样做只是为了避免数据库的主机名，如果您愿意，也可以将主机名作为 tmp-db 传递并删除 network_mode: service:tmp-db>.

In this approach we launch another container with the command to load our data, we run it on the network of our DB server container. This is done just to avoid the host name of the DB, if you prefer you can pass the host name also as tmp-db and remove the network_mode: service:tmp-db.

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