在 HTTP 标头中设置到期日期或最长期限

It says, I need to set expiry date or a maximum age in the the HTTP headers, but I don't know how it is possible to set expiry date for anything other than cookies/sessions.

Generally that is done using the .htaccess file on your host. Here is an example cut and pasted from HTTP cache headers with .htaccess

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# WEEK
<FilesMatch ".(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$">
    Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public"
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

If delivering materials from a PHP shell you could use PHP to create the header in which case you would refer to the HTTP protocal outlined here section 14.9 Cache-Control http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html

<?php
/* This file is a wrapper, */

header( 'Cache-Control: max-age=604800' );
/* now get and send images */
?>

I consider the .htaccess the easier of the two methods.

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