为什么 PyQt 有时会在退出时崩溃?

问题描述

下面给定的代码显示了一个 QMainWindow 和 4 个 QGraphicsView 以在其中使用鼠标进行绘制.它按预期工作，但在关闭它时，控制台中会出现以下错误消息:

The given code below displays a QMainWindow with 4 QGraphicsView to draw with the mouse in it. It works as intended, but when closing it the following error message appears in the console:

Process finished with exit code 139 (interrupted by signal 11: SIGSEGV)

代码有什么问题?

import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QGraphicsView, QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsPathItem
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainterPath, QPen
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi

# Based on code from https://stackoverflow.com/a/44248794/7481773

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        loadUi("mainwindow.ui", self)

        self.verticalLayout_top_left.addWidget(GraphicsView())
        self.verticalLayout_top_right.addWidget(GraphicsView())
        self.verticalLayout_bottom_left.addWidget(GraphicsView())
        self.verticalLayout_bottom_right.addWidget(GraphicsView())


class GraphicsView(QGraphicsView):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.start = None
        self.end = None

        self.setScene(QGraphicsScene())
        self.path = QPainterPath()
        self.item = GraphicsPathItem()
        self.scene().addItem(self.item)

        self.contents_rect = self.contentsRect()
        self.setSceneRect(0, 0, self.contents_rect.width(), self.contents_rect.height())
        self.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)
        self.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff)

    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        self.start = self.mapToScene(event.pos())
        self.path.moveTo(self.start)

    def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
        self.end = self.mapToScene(event.pos())
        self.path.lineTo(self.end)
        self.start = self.end
        self.item.setPath(self.path)


class GraphicsPathItem(QGraphicsPathItem):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        pen = QPen()
        pen.setColor(Qt.black)
        pen.setWidth(5)
        self.setPen(pen)


def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main_window = MainWindow()
    main_window.show()
    app.exec_()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

<小时>

主窗口.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>800</width>
    <height>600</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout">
    <item row="1" column="0">
     <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_left">
      <property name="text">
       <string>PushButton</string>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item row="0" column="0">
     <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_top_left"/>
    </item>
    <item row="0" column="1">
     <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_top_right"/>
    </item>
    <item row="1" column="1">
     <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_right">
      <property name="text">
       <string>PushButton</string>
      </property>
     </widget>
    </item>
    <item row="2" column="0">
     <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_bottom_left"/>
    </item>
    <item row="2" column="1">
     <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_bottom_right"/>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menubar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>800</width>
     <height>24</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>

推荐答案

问题是因为即使你完成运行 app.exec_() 应用程序仍然释放需要访问 QApplication 实例的资源，但在你的情况下app"在这样做之前通过使Qt Access的内部函数不保留内存而被删除.

The problem is caused because even when you finish running app.exec_() the application still releases resources that need access to the instance of QApplication but as in your case "app" is removed before doing so by making the internal functions of Qt Access unreserved memory.

考虑到上述情况，一个可能的解决方案是通过制作一个全局变量来扩展app"的范围，使其在执行主函数后不会被删除.

Considering the above, a possible solution is to extend the scope of "app" so that it is not removed after executing main function by making a global variable.

# ...
app = None


def main():
    global app
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # ...

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