在 Python 中生成所有大小为 k(包含 k 个元素)的子集

问题描述

我有一组值，想创建包含 2 个元素的所有子集的列表.

I have a set of values and would like to create list of all subsets containing 2 elements.

例如，源集 ([1,2,3]) 具有以下 2 元素子集:

For example, a source set ([1,2,3]) has the following 2-element subsets:

set([1,2]), set([1,3]), set([2,3])

有没有办法在 python 中做到这一点?

Is there a way to do this in python?

推荐答案

好像你想要 itertools.combinations:

Seems like you want itertools.combinations:

>>> list(itertools.combinations((1, 2, 3), 2))
[(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)]

如果你想要集合，你必须明确地转换它们.如果您不介意使用迭代而不是列表，并且您使用的是 Python 3，则可以使用 map:

If you want sets you'll have to convert them explicitly. If you don't mind an iterable instead of a list, and you're using Python 3, you can use map:

>>> s = set((1, 2, 3))
>>> map(set, itertools.combinations(s, 2))
<map object at 0x10cdc26d8>

要一次查看所有结果，您可以将 map 的输出传递给 list.(在 Python 2 中，map 的输出自动是一个列表.)

To view all the results at once, you can pass the output of map to list. (In Python 2, the output of map is automatically a list.)

>>> list(map(set, itertools.combinations(s, 2)))
[{1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}]

但是，如果您知道自己需要一个列表，那么列表理解会稍微好一些(h/t Jacob Bowyer):

However, if you know you'll need a list, a list comprehension is marginally better (h/t Jacob Bowyer):

>>> [set(i) for i in itertools.combinations(s, 2)]
[{1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}]

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