Django Shortcut 嵌套外键

问题描述

假设我的 models.py 中有以下内容:

Suppose I have the following in my models.py:

class Book:
    pass

class Part:
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book)

class Chapter:
    part = models.ForeignKey(Part)
    number = models.IntegerField()

我想做

book = Book.objects.get(id=someID)
chapters = Book.chapters.get(number=4)

这样做的干净方法是什么?我想到了图书课上的经理，但它似乎不适用于这种情况.

What is a clean way to do so? I thought of a Manager on the book class but it doest not seem to work for this case.

当然，我可以在课本上实现 get_chapters 方法，但我想避免这种情况.

Of course I could implement a method get_chapters on class book but i would like to avoid this.

有什么想法吗?

推荐答案

对 FK 字段使用相关名称参数，再加上查询集的 prefetch_related，将允许您以最小的性能损失获取与书籍相关的所有信息(每个 prefetch_related 参数调用一个单独的查询).

Using related_name arguments for FK fields, coupled with prefetch_related for a queryset, will allow you to fetch all info related to a book with minimal performance hit (each prefetch_related param calls a separate query).

class Book:
    pass

class Part:
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book, related_name="parts")

class Chapter:
    part = models.ForeignKey(Part, related_name="chapters")
    number = models.IntegerField()

# fetch a book and all related info w/ only 2 db hits
book = Book.objects.first().prefetch_related("parts","parts__chapters")
print(book.parts.all()) # returns all parts for book
for part in book.parts.all():
    print part.chapters.all()

您也可以在模板中执行此操作.

You can do this in a template as well.

但是，对于最高效的解决方案，还要保存一个 FK 以从章节中预订.这可以通过重写 save 方法轻松完成.

However, for the most performant solution, save a FK to book from chapter as well. This can be easily done by overriding the save method.

class Chapter:
    part = models.ForeignKey(Part, related_name="part_chapters")
    number = models.IntegerField()
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book, related_name="chapters", null=True, blank=True) # allow null/blank values; will be populated in save method
    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.book = self.part.book
        super(Chapter, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

>>> book = Book.objects.first().prefetch_related("parts","chapters")
>>> print(book.parts.all()) # returns all parts for book
>>> print(book.chapters.all())

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