如何在 JS 中对二进制图像进行 base64 编码以供浏览器显示

问题描述

我们在浏览器(实际上是 Chrome)中显示从 REST 后端 API 接收的二进制图像时遇到问题.像这样在 Java 中定义的后端 REST 端点

We have a problem with showing in browser (actually Chrome) binary images receiving from REST backend API. The backend REST endpoint defined in Java like this

@GetMapping(path = "/images/{imageId:\d+}/data", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM_VALUE)
public @ResponseBody byte[] getImageData(@PathVariable long imageId) {
    return ... skipped ...
}

在前端，我们执行以下步骤:

On the frontend we do these steps:

1. 通过fetch JS方法调用请求图片数据

1. request image data via fetch JS method call

    async function getImage(id) {
        return await fetch(`${URL}/images/${id}/data`, {
            method: 'GET',
            headers: new Headers(HEADERS)
        }).then(response => {
             return response.text();
        });
    }

1. 因此在前端我们有这种格式的原始二进制图像数据(到目前为止一切都很好 - 它实际上是 JPEG 二进制数据).附上源JPEG

https://www.dropbox.com/s/8mh6xz881by5lu1/0gCrmsLkgik.jpg?dl=0

1. 然后我们调用这段代码来接收base64编码的图片

    let reader = new FileReader();
        reader.addEventListener('loadend', event => {
        console.log(event.srcElement.result)
    });

    reader.readAsDataURL(new Blob([data]));

1. 因此我们有 一些东西看起来像 base64 编码的数据

1. as a result we have something looks like base64 encoded data

https://www.dropbox.com/s/uvx042j2dgizkr9/base64.txt?dl=0

1. 我们尝试将 base64 编码数据放入 <img> 元素但没有成功:(

1. we tried to put base64 encoded data into <img> element without any success :(

所以问题是如何在前端接收正确的 base64 图像以供浏览器显示?我们做错了什么?

So the question is how to receive on frontend correct base64 images for browser showing? What we do wrong?

推荐答案

这里有一些工作代码，基于这个例子以及上面的@somethinghere 评论.注意getImage中response是如何处理的:

Here's some working code, based on this example and the @somethinghere's comment above. Pay attention to how the response is handled in getImage:

function getImage(id) {
    return fetch(`https://placekitten.com/200/140`, {
        method: 'GET',
    }).then(response => {
        return response.blob(); // <- important
    });
}

async function loadAndDisplay() {
    let blob = await getImage();
    let imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    let img = document.createElement('img');
    img.src = imageUrl;
    document.body.appendChild(img)
}

loadAndDisplay()

也就是说，一个更简单的选择是插入像 <img src=/images/id/data> 这样的标签，然后将所有加载/显示留给浏览器.在这种情况下，您的后端必须提供正确的内容类型.

That said, a much simpler option would be just to insert a tag like <img src=/images/id/data> and leave all loading/displaying to the browser. In this case your backend has to provide the correct content-type though.

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