我什么时候应该使用内联和外部 Javascript?

问题描述

我想知道在性能和易于维护方面，何时应该包含外部脚本或将它们与 html 代码内联编写.

I would like to know when I should include external scripts or write them inline with the html code, in terms of performance and ease of maintenance.

对此的一般做法是什么?

What is the general practice for this?

真实世界场景 - 我有几个需要客户端表单验证的 html 页面.为此，我使用了一个包含在所有这些页面上的 jQuery 插件.但问题是，我是否:

Real-world-scenario - I have several html pages that need client-side form validation. For this I use a jQuery plugin that I include on all these pages. But the question is, do I:

• 编写内联配置此脚本的代码?
• 在一个文件中包含所有这些 html 页面共享的所有位?
• 将每个位包含在单独的外部文件中，每个 html 页面一个?

谢谢.

推荐答案

在最初发布此答案时(2008 年)，规则很简单:所有脚本都应该是外部的.兼顾维护和性能.

At the time this answer was originally posted (2008), the rule was simple: All script should be external. Both for maintenance and performance.

(为什么是性能?因为如果代码是分开的，它更容易被浏览器缓存.)

(Why performance? Because if the code is separate, it can easier be cached by browsers.)

JavaScript 不属于 HTML 代码，如果它包含特殊字符(如 <、>)甚至会产生问题.

JavaScript doesn't belong in the HTML code and if it contains special characters (such as <, >) it even creates problems.

如今，网络可扩展性已经发生了变化.由于发出多个 HTTP 请求的延迟，减少请求的数量已成为一个有效的考虑因素.这使得答案更加复杂:在大多数情况下，仍然推荐使用外部 JavaScript.但在某些情况下，尤其是非常小的代码段，将它们内联到网站的 HTML 中是有意义的.

Nowadays, web scalability has changed. Reducing the number of requests has become a valid consideration due to the latency of making multiple HTTP requests. This makes the answer more complex: in most cases, having JavaScript external is still recommended. But for certain cases, especially very small pieces of code, inlining them into the site’s HTML makes sense.

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